Textile testing object of testing
TEXTILE TESTING
Textile testing is the term for a whole series of tests that examine the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of textiles.
These tests are sometimes done before a textile goes into widespread use, or they're done on textiles arriving from other countries for sale in US markets.
Countries like the United States have established standards for what should and should not be in textile products Tests can show whether companies making textiles are in compliance or not.
The testing of textile products is an expensive business.
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| Textile testing |
A laboratory has to be set up and furnished with a range of test equipment
Trained operatives have to be employed whose salaries have to be paid throughout the year, not just when results are required.
Moreover, all these costs are nonproductive and therefore add to the final cost of the product.
Therefore it is important that testing is not undertaken without adding some benefit to the final product. |
OBJECTIVE OF TEXTILE TESTING
Reasons for Textile Testing :
Checking the quality and suitability of raw materials and selection of material
- Monitoring of production ie process control
- Assessment of the final product, whether the quality is acceptable or not how will be the yarn performance in weaving " etc ).
- Investigation of faulty materials ( analysis of customer complaints, identification of fault in the machine, etc )
- Product development and research Specification testing.
- Specifications are formed and the materials are tested to prove whether they fall within the limits allowed in the specification ( eg specified by a customer )
STANDARDIZATION OF TESTING
Requirements of results
( a ) Explicit ( how they will perform or how they meet the specification )
( b ) Implicit ( variability of results obtained cither from time to time, operator by operator or lab to lab ) The lack of reproducibility of results of the material may be due to
( a ) Variation in the material
It can be solved through
By proper sampling
Use of suitable statistical methods to analyze the results
( b ) Variation due to test methods
- Due to operator ( care in mounting of the specimen, adherence to the test procedures, etc. )
- Specimen size
- Atmospheric condition
- Type of test equipment
- Test condition - speed, pressure, etc.
To minimize these variations standard test methods are followed
Bureau of Indian Standards ( BIS ) - India British Standards ( BS ) -
Britain American Society for Testing of Materials ( ASTM ) - USA
Deutsches Institut fur Normung ( DIN ) - Germany Standards Institute
TERMS RELATED TO TEXTILE EVALUATION
( A ) QUALITY: International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) "
Ensemble of properties and characteristics of a product or a service which confer on it the capacity to satisfy expressed or implicit requirements " - " suitable for use " or " fitness for use "
( B ) TESTING
A means of determining the capability of an item to most specified requirements by subjecting the item to a set of physical, chemical, environmental, or operating actions, and conditions
( C ) INSPECTION
Activities such as measuring, examining, and testing. one or more characteristics of a product or service, and comparing these with specified requirements to determine conformity ( and breakage study in R / F . looms, fabric inspection, etc. )
( D ) QUALITY CONTROL
The operational technique and activities used to fulfill requirements of quality D = f(B, C... )
( E ) STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL ( SQC )
The application of the statistical technique to the control of quality
( F ) QUALITY ASSURANCE ( QA )
All those planned or systematic actions are necessary to provide adequate confidence that a product or service will satisfy the given requirement for quality. ( Control of vendors for supply of raw material chemicals etc. time management, e.g. idle time of machine )
