Microscopic test of textile fibre
Microscopic test of textile fibre
Each textile fibre has its own distinctive structural shape and markings. So the fibre can be identified easily when it is viewed through a microscope.
The microscopic appearance of different fibres is shown in Fig.
Cotton
cotton A flattened, collapsed, Flat, elongated or bean spirally twisted tube-shaped with a lumen as a line a rough surface, and or oval parallel to the frequent convolutions larger direction.
that change directions. Cotton is a smoother tube Circular or elliptical with no smooth or less lumen.
B. Mercerised cotton has more surface than cotton, with fewer or no convolutions. Poorly defined nodes Fibre bundles (20-30) with fibre present in bundles irregular outline.
C. Fibre ex-" observable spiral elements habit polygonal structure, with sharp angles, outline regular in shape with thick circular or elliptical lumen. with cross markings.
D. Flax Presence markings and nodes. polygonal structure with Pointed tips and smooth sharp angles, small central outline is present. cross Fibre bundles.
fibre exhibit lumen, no radical fissures. Fibres bundles or single, Polygonal with sharply cross-markings nodes present. Smooth central lumen. No radical and pointed tips.
E. Hemp and defined angles with small fissures. Broad ribbon-like fibres, Flattened structure, radi- with cal fissures, elongated and lumen and thick walls.
F. Pamie variable width cross-markings longitudinal striations, rounded tips. Irregular ribbons, elliptical Triangular with rounded sometimes comers in pairs, cemented sometimes by silk gum.
G. Gummed silk separate, twisted, no striations. The gum layer is continuous. jou Single, smooth, nearly Triangular cross-section structureless, occasion- with rounded comers. with flattened fibre, variable in diameter,
H. Degummed silk Flat irregular ribbons Very elongated triangles separate, normally separate, with
I. Tussah silk sometimes twisted and rounded corners. with longitudinal striations. Irregular and' roughly Oval to circular with varia- cylindrical, prominent in diameter. Medulla scale margins or flattened are concentric and variable plates.
J. Wool in size. Uniform diameter with Roughly circular or irregular- striations running parallel lar in cross-section with separated or scalloped edges according to the
K. Viscose to the fibre axis. process used. Polynosic Uniform diameter without Circular cross-section with, any striations thick circular surface.
L. Cuprammonium rayon Rod-like appearance Round to beam-shaped,r, cross-section.
M. Cell acetate Unfirom in diameter along Roughly circular with ser- -length with few striations rated or scalloped edges. parallel to fibre. The lobes are fewer than viscose.
N. Nylon Very regular, rod-like Circular cross-section. appearance.
O. Triangular nylon Uniform in diameter along Triangular length with an observable smooth cross-section with parallel protrusion. rounded corners. Very regular, rod-like Circular cross-section. structureless appearance.
P. Polyester E Acrylic Straight and Smooth. Circular, flat, bean-shaped cross-section.
Q. Polyproylene Uniform in diameter, rod Bright and circular cross-like, structureless section. appearance, Glass Uniform, rod-like, Bright and circular in structureless appearance. cross-section.
